How to Make a Flammable Gel or Jelly

The most effective method to Make a Flammable Gel or Jelly Utilize three regular family fixings to set up a gel or jam that you can set ablaze. This is a simple fire science venture that you can do at home. Flaring Gel Ingredients Stomach settling agent tablets (must contain in any event 1000 mg calcium carbonate for each tablet)Vinegar (powerless acidic acid)Isopropyl liquor (scouring liquor) - 90% or higher is recommended* 70% isopropyl liquor will work, however you should permit let the blend from stage 3 dissipate until it is somewhat more thought to compensate for the additional water in the liquor. Set up the Flaming Gel Smash 5 acid neutralizer tablets into a powder.Stir 50 ml (~10 tsp) of vinegar into the powder (10 ml for each tablet) to make a slurry.Allow the slurry to vanish until it is not exactly a large portion of its unique volume. This could take about a day. In the event that you unintentionally vanish the entirety of the water, you can reconstitute the slurry by mixing in a limited quantity of water.Fill a compartment with about 2x the volume of anyway much stomach settling agent slurry you have at this point.While blending, gradually add slurry to the liquor to frame a thickened gel. Do this gradually: If you include an excessive amount of slurry, the blend will melt and you wont get a gel. Along these lines, when you have a gel, dont include anything else of the calcium tablet slurry mixture.Scoop up a bundle of the gel and light it. Disclaimer: Please make a special effort to be prompted that the substance gave by our site is to EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. Firecrackers and the synthetic compounds contained inside them are risky and ought to consistently be maneuvered carefully and utilized with sound judgment. By utilizing this site you recognize that ThoughtCo., its parent About.com (a/k/a Dotdash), and IAC/InterActive Corp. will have no obligation for any harms, wounds, or other legitimate issues brought about by your utilization of firecrackers or the information or use of the data on this site. The suppliers of this substance explicitly don't overlook utilizing firecrackers for problematic, dangerous, illicit, or damaging purposes. You are liable for adhering to every single material law before utilizing or applying the data gave on this site.

Hate Crimes Essays - Racism, Discrimination, Hate Crime,

Loathe Crimes Dread, outrage and dissatisfaction. These are three topics that run all through all abhor gatherings. Most abhor bunches structure during times of monetary hardship or social change. Certain gatherings of individuals start to reprimand another gathering for the explanation of a significant social or efficient change. After the Civil War, the South experienced both financial hardship and radical social change. For a considerable length of time, the south had depended on captives to reap crops at ranches. When the slaves were liberated, the ranches weren't being chipped away at any longer, making the proprietors free a great deal of cash. At the point when this occurred, six previous Confederate warriors began a detest bunch called the Ku Klux Klan. During the post-Civil War period, the Klan was exceptionally famous among southern whites. Their numbness was taking care of the fire that blacks were the foundation of their concern, when in reality the white's numbness is the foundation of their own issues. The Klan has since faded away and risen various occasions with the beginning of numerous social changes, for example, the ladies' privileges development (1920's) and the social equality development (1960's). Another enormous and decimating loathe bunch is the neo-Nazis. These common laborers individuals reprimand all outsiders for removing occupations from the whites. Their numbness pushes them up until this point as to fiercely assault and murder blacks, Jews, Hispanics, Asians, and gay people. Abhor violations can happen whenever, anyplace. In a little Texas town of Jasper, Texas, 3 white men are under overwhelming watchman in the wake of being blamed for a homicide of a guiltless man. Shawn Berry,23, Lawrence Brewer,31, and John King, 23, supposedly individuals from the radical Aryan Fellowship, hauled a dark man to his demise behind a get truck, tearing his body to pieces. James Byrd, Jr., a multi year-old, previous vacuum cleaner sales rep handicapped by an arm injury, was strolling home from a gathering commending the wedding of his niece, when he was picked up by the three white men, who offered him a ride. As per Berry, who educated on his two mates, they headed to a segregated wood, and King was claimed to have said that he was ?fixing to terrify the s**t out of that n****r.? James Byrd was beaten and kicked by the three white men. Apparently oblivious, he was affixed by the lower legs to a snare on the rear of the truck, which at that point pulled him around two miles along a tight, winding black-top street. His possessions, a wallet and keys, were dissipated afterward, alongside false teeth and parts of his body. The middle was found in a stream. Near to, void lager jars were dispersed on the grass. James Byrd's head, neck and right arm were found a mile away. Abhor violations are not constantly dedicated against minorities. In Las Vegas, two Anti-Racist Activity individuals were killed. As indicated by reports in the Las Vegas Review-Journal and from Anti-Racist Action in Columbus, the assemblages of Daniel Shersty, 20, and Lin Newborn, 25, were found in the desert 150 yards from one another. The bodies were situated in a zone of the desert known for a spot where Nazis target shoot. The two men were killed in execution style slayings. Some of the time these loathsome wrongdoings happen inside one's own family. The evening of March 5, David and Bryan Freeman concluded the time had come to act. Time to follow up on the new convictions they had learned. Time to demonstrate to their new companions that they were genuine fighters of the racial war they were told was coming. On that Sunday night, detest went to the Freeman house. The young men, ages 15 and 17, trapped their mom in the first floor lobby, wounding and clubbing her until she passed on. At that point they went upstairs and did likewise to their father while he lay in his bed. Their little sibling Erik, 11, was sleeping when the more established siblings went into his room and beat him to death as well. What might cause individuals to perpetrate such terrible wrongdoings, for example, these? Why not ask Mark Thomas, a fundamentalist coordinator who works a ?service for racists? in eastern Pennsylvania. It was at this ?Aryan Nations of Pennsylvania? where the Freeman siblings were educated by Mark Thomas that it was O.K. to despise. The siblings, alongside many others gone to a Hitler Youth Festival last April where Mark Thomas showed them weapons aptitudes on a rifle go and different things of the sort. As a self pronounced reverend, Mark Thomas educates a wound strict known

How Prozac Works for Panic Disorder

How Prozac Works for Panic Disorder Panic Disorder Treatment Print How Prozac Works for Panic Disorder By Katharina Star, PhD facebook linkedin Katharina Star, PhD, is an expert on anxiety and panic disorder. Dr. Star is a professional counselor, and she is trained in creative art therapies and mindfulness. Learn about our editorial policy Katharina Star, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on December 13, 2019 Paul S. Howell/Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Treatment Symptoms Diagnosis Coping Related Conditions In This Article Table of Contents Expand Understanding Prozac How Prozac Treats Panic Disorder Prozac and Panic Disorder ?Common Side Effects Rare Side Effects How Quickly Prozac Works Stopping Prozac View All Back To Top If you have panic disorder, you will likely be treated with antidepressant medication. One popular antidepressant used to treat panic disorder and other conditions is Prozac (fluoxetine). Understanding Prozac Prozac is the trademark name of the drug fluoxetine, a medication belonging to a class of antidepressants known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). SSRIs first became available in the United States in the 1980s and quickly came to be the most commonly prescribed type of antidepressant medication. Due to the effectiveness, safety, and limited side effects of SSRIs, their popularity continues to grow. Being the first SSRI introduced in the U.S., Prozac is the most well-known and prescribed antidepressant. Doctors initially prescribed Prozac to treat depression. However, research has shown that it can treat a variety of mental health  and medical conditions. Currently, Prozac is used to treat a major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, eating disorders, chronic pain, migraines, irritable bowel syndrome, and anxiety disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder,  panic disorder, and  agoraphobia. How Is Prozac Used to Treat Anxiety? How Prozac Treats Panic Disorder Prozac stabilizes your levels of serotonin, a naturally-occurring chemical in the brain thats linked to how we regulate our moods. People with mood and anxiety disorders have an imbalance of serotonin. As an SSRI, Prozac works to influence serotonin by inhibiting its absorption in nerve cells in the brain. How SSRIs Are Used in the Treatment of Panic Disorder Common Side Effects Prozac has the potential for side effects, which often vary for different people. Some of the most common side effects include: Sleep disturbancesHeadachesFatigueDizzinessLightheadednessDry mouthNervousnessIncreased sweatingSexual side effectsYawningHeartburnConfusionAnxietyBlurred visionNausea Many people experience side effects that later subside or become less bothersome. Please note that these are only some of the side effects that can occur while taking Prozac. Consult your doctor if you experience any side effects that become unmanageable or don’t go away. Your doctor will need to monitor your reaction to your medication, especially when initially starting with Prozac or when adjusting your dosage. Understanding Prozacs Side Effects and Drug Interactions Rare Side Effects As with any medication, there is the potential to experience an allergic reaction to Prozac. Contact your doctor immediately if you experience any of the following rare side effects: VomitingSeizuresRash or hivesDifficulty breathing or swallowingSwelling of the face, mouth, or tongueExtreme nervousness and anxietyFeelings of confusionJoint painFeverStrange bleeding or bruisingAccelerated heart rateSuicidal thoughts or behaviors How Quickly Prozac Works Don’t expect Prozac to immediately make you feel better. Improvements are often noticed days to weeks after starting Prozac, but it can actually take up to several months before you experience the full effect. Try to give your medication some time before determining whether or not its helping you. Stopping Prozac Never abruptly stop taking your prescription. Although Prozac is long-acting and tends to taper itself, discontinuing it on your own may lead to withdrawal symptoms, such as increased anxiety and irritability, headaches, confusion, and lightheadedness. Additionally, your panic disorder symptoms can worsen if you suddenly stop taking your medication. Your dosage of Prozac can be gradually and safely reduced with your doctors guidance. How to Taper Off Your Antidepressant Medication Precautions There are several precautions with Prozac, including: Black box warning: In 2007, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a black box warning for all SSRIs. The FDA cautioned that SSRI usage has the potential to increase thoughts and behaviors related to suicide. This issue was found to be particularly concerning for adolescents and young adults who are taking SSRIs. Prescribing doctors must be especially observant of young people just beginning SSRI usage and monitor for signs of worsening mood or any suicidal thoughts.Pregnancy/nursing: Prozac can be passed on to unborn babies during pregnancy or through breast milk when a baby is nursing. If youre pregnant or nursing, consult with your doctor about the possible risks of taking Prozac.Alcohol: You should avoid alcohol while taking Prozac, as it may increase the medications toxicity or decrease its effectiveness.Lightheadedness, dizziness, and drowsiness: Prozac can make you feel lightheaded, dizzy, and tired. Its important to be cautious while driving or performing any other dut ies that require your full alertness and concentration.Older adults: If youre 65 or older, you may be at higher risk for some side effects of Prozac, so it may not be a good option for you when there are other medications available that are less risky and can accomplish the same goal.Drug interactions:  You should be cautious when taking Prozac with other medications, as drug interactions can lead to serious issues. Keep your doctor up-to-date on your current medications, both prescription and over-the-counter, as well as nutritional supplements or herbs you take. St. Johns Wort Drug Interactions With Antidepressants A Word From Verywell The information provided here is simply an overview regarding the use of Prozac for panic disorder. This information does not cover all potential variables, including possible side effects, precautions, and contraindications. Always talk to your medical provider about any questions and concerns you may have about your prescription.

Ethics Ethical And Ethical Dilemmas - 1473 Words

Ethics Help the Helper in Ethical Dilemmas Fred L. Slack University of the Rockies Abstract In ethical decision-making, there is an established way to address resolving ethical dilemmas systematically and following established decision-making steps to resolve ethical dilemmas effectively. Applied established ethical-decision making steps along with an understanding of established ethical codes is essential Here we will comprehensively discuss how a professional would apply systematic steps toward a resolution of an ethical dilemma, and discuss the steps to consider taking in the process of making an ethical decision. What is the process to include the client in making your decisions? In what way or ways is†¦show more content†¦My obligation to help the client is one example of the moral principle fidelity in other words, keeping the trust in this relationship with my client. This client is making progress and is benefiting from therapy. Here are the systematic steps towards resolution of this dilemma? Here are the steps in order to make a reasonable decision about a problem or dilemma. Step one; identifying the problem or dilemma. Ascertain all of the information the client has about the problem or dilemma, also any collateral information from an outside source like his primary care doctors or drug treatment counselors and legal sources. This will enable the professional to get to the specific nature of the problem (Corey, 2011). Kevin has lost his employment and cannot pay for his therapy. That is the scenario describing the problem. Step two; identify potential solutions, like Kevin receiving unemployment insurance or the possibility of county social services picking up the cost of his medical bills. Are there any cultural issues that need to be taken into consideration? Kevin could be an African American and have some mental disabilities that might qualify him for Social Security disability support. Step Thr ee; Review the ethical codes that are pertinent to this type of problem. The code of conduct has some ethical codes Kevin’s problems might be identified under such as the code 6.04-

Lying And Deception Of Romantic Relationships - 1447 Words

Lying and Deception in Romantic Relationships Abstract: Introduction: During this paper we will look at why people lie to others. When judging a lie, it can be easier to accept if one looks at the purpose behind it. Different intentions bring different levels of deserving judgment. Through research, I found that many people have already studied relationship deceit. Many researchers have proven that deceit often comes from the want to protect their significant other, rather than hurt them. I will discuss coping mechanisms for handling when this situation arises. Purpose: Recently I got married. Wanting to start the relationship off as â€Å"right† as I could, I wanted to discover ways people lie and how to understand lies better as well as prevent them. I wanted to have a deep, all-encompassing conversation with my now husband about why we would lie to each other and how to prevent or at least understand it. It is not realistic to expect someone to never lie, but being able to handle it properly will lead one steps ahead the others who don’t learn to deal with it. Problem and Solution and Literary Review: Most people consider lies, in all forms, to be wrong under every circumstance. The society in which most live in consider lying to be a sin, a crime that is committed against humanity. Why is it that everyone lies then? What many people don’t consider is how many lies are told to protect the ones they love. The motivation behind the lie can be critical in determining howShow MoreRelatedLying and Deception in Our Personal Relationships1637 Words   |  7 PagesThe Dark Side of Relationships There is no single person in this world who has never told a lie. No matter how big or small, direct or indirect, verbal or non-verbal; we all have told a lie. The problem with lying is most of the time your lies comes to light. Knapp and Vangelisiti state, â€Å"If acts of omission, exaggeration, vagueness, evasiveness, and substitution are all part of the act of lying, than everybody lies† (2006, p. 248). Whether you wore your sister’s dress, after she said no, onlyRead MoreHow Online Dating Has Altered The Process Of Relationships1697 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscover relationships. Online dating has become a popular new mechanism for seeking a romantic partner and initiating intimate relationships. Online dating has altered the process used for obtaining a romantic partner as well as has altered the process of compatibility matching. Online dating has created a new platform for meeting potential partners. Romantic relationships contribute to emotional well-being and individuals crave the intimate connections that are formed through their romantic partnerships;Read MoreLying And Deception By William Shakespeare1510 Words   |  7 Pages Lying and deception have been present throughout all of human history. People lie about who they are, what they think, etc. Over the centuries the reasons for lying have stayed the same. When lying and deceiving people have always looked for some kind of reward, it can be money, fame or simply to avoid conflict. However, the methods we use to lie have changed with the creation of the internet. Even though, Shakespeare’s time period had very different views on lying that those today, his book, TheRead MoreAn Inside Look at 0nline Dating Es say1547 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough the Internet each. It follows the sociological principle of social networking. The quest of love has inspired people to invest in much thoughts and efforts in the process of building a romantic relationship. Thus, online dating becomes a popular tool for building a relationship or starting a relationship nowadays. In addition, in order to accomplish the goal of finding the perfect partner there are many steps involved in this process. The first dating site on the Internet was developed by anRead MoreEssay on Psychological Lying: Why People Lie1433 Words   |  6 Pagespsychology of lying is an interesting one because everyone at some point engages in lying. The audiences in of this works are the students and the teaching fraternity. The purpose of this work is to explore compelling reasons that make people lie. Unlike other phenomenon, lying is a relatively old phenomenon that exists throughout the world. This lying habit has been in existence for centuries and people find a way to lie about different things based on a subjective outcome intended by the lying party.Read MoreThe Tongue Lies1560 Words   |  7 Pagespoetically exploring, with a clever pun, the complexities of romantic relationships. His bawdy yet poignant couplet hints that lies are a social lubricant. However, it is the submission of this essay that Shakespeare is only representing one side of a complex dichotomy. Perhaps lies might facilitate a measure of closeness but depending on the magnitude, or type of lie, they may also damage or destroy it. The first portion of this essay will define lying and examine how people lie and what they lie aboutRead MoreLying Essay1403 Words   |  6 PagesA lie is an intentionally false statement. Admit it: Youve lied. Mostly everyone has lied. Since a young age, lying has been a part of our lives. Lying begins early. By the age of 3, most children know how to fib. When we do it well, we get what we want. Babies often falsify a cry to manipulate those around them to their wants as well as needs. Although lying is not socially acceptable it has become a part of everyone’s daily routine. Majority of people dislike liars however everyone has lied atRead MoreThe Misunderstood Legacy of Oscar Wilde Essay1663 Words   |  7 PagesThe Misunderstood Legacy of Oscar Wilde Surrounded by scandal caused by his own deception, Oscar Wilde left this world with a legacy of often misunderstood wit, a brilliant collection of writing, and sordid tales of an extramarital homosexual affair. The playwright progressed from a fashionable, flippant fop immersed in London society to a man broken by the public discovery of his relationship with Lord Alfred Douglas. In his prime, Oscar Wilde was a social butterfly, admired and acceptedRead MoreThe Truth vs. the White Lie850 Words   |  4 PagesThe Truth vs. the â€Å"White Lie† Lying in a marriage is a slippery slope and trust is a delicate thing. I have told my children that a thousand truths can be destroyed by just one lie. Once those truths are destroyed, it is the lie that will typify you. The truth is extremely powerful as well, because you can try to bury it, but you cant kill it. Sooner or later someone is going to dig it up. The truth is an awkward subject that our spouses believe they want to hear no matter what the answerRead MoreMildred Pierce Summary, Character Analysis, and Opinion1471 Words   |  6 Pagesraising two daughters, Ray and Veda. Although Mildred loves both her daughters, Veda is a particular obsession with Mildred. She constantly slaves away throughout the novel to do whatever she can to make Veda happy, despite the constant abuse and deception Veda inflicts upon Mildred. After a divorce from her first husband, Bert, in the opening pages of the novel, Mildred is forced to sacrifice her pride and become a waitress in order to support her family. If Veda were ever to find out, she would be

Child challenging behaviour Free Essays

This would be done over a few weeks to see if there is a regular pattern or thing that sets this behavior off and to ensure you know what the nouns person needs to help them stop this challenging behavior. Strengths To find out what that something is that sets off the behavior, and to find ways Of dealing with it. TO understand the needs Of the young person and put into place the right support and get the right specialized professional involved and ensure that they work together to create a plan so that the young person behavior develops in a short time as possible. We will write a custom essay sample on Child challenging behaviour or any similar topic only for you Order Now To use good strategies to ensure that the behavior is improved and if the young person is being Hellenizing make sure that there is somebody to help the person working with the young person that they have support to help them and that he gets the right punishments and rewards put into place to make the behavior change. To also ensure the professional work together and follow the rules, guidelines and put a care plan into place that all professionals working with the young person are followed. Weaknesses- The young person might not have a pattern of when the trigger sets off the behavior. The young person may not feel able to talk to anybody so professionals can’t provide the right purport and care to help make the young person’s behavior improve. Approach to the behavior used would be cognitive behavior therapy as it helps to change the way you think, behave and deal with the behavior. It will help the young person look at the negative behavior, the regular patterns that set the behavior off and ways that you can overcome this bad behavior. This could be the way to talk about how the person thinks about themselves, the world and other people and how what you do effect your thoughts and feelings. It helps you learn skills for the rest of your life to cope and deal with difficult situations that you may have be in and may be in again. Cognitive behavior therapy helps to overcome their difficulties through changing their thinking, behavior, and emotional responses. It’s to try and help a person think more positively however it’s not just to make them think positively it’s to help them to change the behavior to help them improve how they feel. â€Å"Cognitive behavioral therapy (CB) can help you make sense of overwhelming problems by breaking them down into smaller parts. NASH. ELK) people who can benefit from this are people with anxiety and panic disorder, depression, phobias (including agoraphobia and social phobia), suspicious thoughts, stress, eating disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, psychosis, anger issues, low self esteem and pain and fatigue. (Craven clinic, 201 2) Strengths- This therapy can help the young person let out there feelings and what is going on in their head but mostly to change how they feel to make them become more positive. To ensure the young person has somebody to turn to and trust as if he is challenging he may feel everybody is against him and to make sure the young person understands what they have done wrong. Weaknesses- The young person might not attend the sessions as he might not want any help so finding other options to support the young person’s wishes to help him and his behavior change. Evaluating the problems and turning to different methods of approaching the young person’s behavior such as providing active support for the young person, ensuring partnership working or even behavior modifications programs. Methods of intervention used would be applying medication. The young person has ADD and has to take a medication called Rattail, this helps calm them down as the chemicals in this drug effect there brain and the way they think. The young person must be monitored On a regular basis to ensure the medication is helping and if it is not the must assess the situation incase they need a higher dose. Strategies must be put into place to ensure the young person has the right help and support to make sure the young person can try and change their behavior to come appropriate. People with ADD can have poor organization skills, trouble to start and finish things, frequent forgetting things such as appointments, frequent interruptions of others, have poor self control, blurt out things that are rude and inappropriate, have addictive tendencies egg: tapping on the table which distracts others, have trouble behaving in socially appropriate ways egg: such as talking to someone when a teacher is talking to them. These could be improved if the young person has a support worker to be with them to tell them what’s right and wrong so they know. They also have emotional difficulties such as sense of under achievement, trouble staying motivated, don’t deal well with frustration, easily stressed out, irritable, lots of mood swings, hypersensitivity to criticism, short temper and low self esteem this could also be overcome by a councilor or somebody they trust that they can talk to. (Help guide, 2012) Strengths – The medication can control the young person’s behavior to a certain point, ensuring they have the right support put in place helping them get through all the emotions and feelings they may encounter. To ensure the young person has a dedicated worker to talk to about any concerns or worries that they may have. Weaknesses – if the medication does not work then his behavior could maintain at an inappropriate level. The young person would have to be assessed on a regular basis to see how the medication helps and if there is no progress in the behavior assessing if the doctor needs to give the young person a higher dose of the medication and to also make sure the medication doesn’t cause any serious problems with the young person’s mental, emotional and physical state of mind. How to cite Child challenging behaviour, Papers

The Universe Essays - Physical Cosmology, Big Bang, Universe

The Universe It is always a mystery about how the universe began, whether if and when it will end. Astronomers construct hypotheses called cosmological models that try to find the answer. There are two types of models: Big Bang and Steady State. However, through many observational evidences, the Big Bang theory can best explain the creation of the universe. The Big Bang model postulates that about 15 to 20 billion years ago, the universe violently exploded into being, in an event called the Big Bang. Before the Big Bang, all of the matter and radiation of our present universe were packed together in the primeval fireball--an extremely hot dense state from which the universe rapidly expanded.1 The Big Bang was the start of time and space. The matter and radiation of that early stage rapidly expanded and cooled. Several million years later, it condensed into galaxies. The universe has continued to expand, and the galaxies have continued moving away from each other ever since. Today the universe is still expanding, as astronomers have observed. The Steady State model says that the universe does not evolve or change in time. There was no beginning in the past, nor will there be change in the future. This model assumes the perfect cosmological principle. This principle says that the universe is the same everywhere on the large scale, at all times.2 It maintains the same average density of matter forever. There are observational evidences found that can prove the Big Bang model is more reasonable than the Steady State model. First, the redshifts of distant galaxies. Redshift is a Doppler effect which states that if a galaxy is moving away, the spectral line of that galaxy observed will have a shift to the red end. The faster the galaxy moves, the more shift it has. If the galaxy is moving closer, the spectral line will show a blue shift. If the galaxy is not moving, there is no shift at all. However, as astronomers observed, the more distance a galaxy is located from Earth, the more redshift it shows on the spectrum. This means the further a galaxy is, the faster it moves. Therefore, the universe is expanding, and the Big Bang model seems more reasonable than the Steady State model. The second observational evidence is the radiation produced by the Big Bang. The Big Bang model predicts that the universe should still be filled with a small remnant of radiation left over from the original violent explosion of the primeval fireball in the past. The primeval fireball would have sent strong shortwave radiation in all directions into space. In time, that radiation would spread out, cool, and fill the expanding universe uniformly. By now it would strike Earth as microwave radiation. In 1965 physicists Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson detected microwave radiation coming equally from all directions in the sky, day and night, all year.3 And so it appears that astronomers have detected the fireball radiation that was produced by the Big Bang. This casts serious doubt on the Steady State model. The Steady State could not explain the existence of this radiation, so the model cannot best explain the beginning of the universe. Since the Big Bang model is the better model, the existence and the future of the universe can also be explained. Around 15 to 20 billion years ago, time began. The points that were to become the universe exploded in the primeval fireball called the Big Bang. The exact nature of this explosion may never be known. However, recent theoretical breakthroughs, based on the principles of quantum theory, have suggested that space, and the matter within it, masks an infinitesimal realm of utter chaos, where events happen randomly, in a state called quantum weirdness.4 Before the universe began, this chaos was all there was. At some time, a portion of this randomness happened to form a bubble, with a temperature in excess of 10 to the power of 34 degrees Kelvin. Being that hot, naturally it expanded. For an extremely brief and short period, billionths of billionths of a second, it inflated. At the end of the period of inflation, the universe may have a diameter of a few centimetres. The temperature had cooled enough for particles of matter and antimatter to form, and they instantly destroy each other, producing fire and a thin haze of matter-apparently because slightly more matter than antimatter was formed.5 The fireball, and the smoke of its burning, was the universe at an age of trillionth of a second. The temperature of the expanding fireball dropped rapidly, cooling to a few billion degrees in few